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# SQL Language elements (characters)

- James
- December 6, 2009
- reference, sql

characters, the basic symbols of keywords and operators in SQL language are the single-byte characters that are part of all IBM character sets.

charaters of language are classified as letters, digits or special characters.

A letter is any of the 26 uppercase (A through Z) or 26 lowercase (a through z) letters, plus the three characters $, #, and @, which are included for compability with host database products.

A digit is any of the charaters 0 through 9.

A special character is any of characters listed below:

Character | Description | Character | Description
| space or blank | – | minus sign
“ | quotation mark/double quote/double quotation mark | . | period
% | percent | / | slash
& | ampersand | : | colon
‘ | apostrophe/single quote/singe quotation mark | ; | semicolon
( | left parenthesis | < | less than
) | right parenthesis | = | equals
* | asterisk | > | greater than
+ | plus sign | ? | question mark
, | comma | _ | underline/underscore
| | vertical bar | ^ | caret
! | exclamation mark | [ | left bracket
{ | left brace | ] | right bracket
} | right brace |  |

All multi-byte characters are treated as letters, except for the double-byte blank, which is a special character.

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